Another key topic is government versus citizen. The FBI has installed a system at many Internet service providers to snoop on all incoming and outgoing email for nuggets of interest to it(Blaze and Bellovin,2000;Sobel,2001;and Zacks,2001) The system was originally called Carnivore but bad publicity caused it to be renamed to the more innocent-sounding DCS1000.But its goal is still to spy on millions of people in the hope of finding information about illegal activities.Unfortunately,the Fourth amendment to the U.S.Constitution prohibits government searches without a search warrant.Whether these 54 words written in the 18th century still carry any weight in the 21st century is a matter that may keep the courts busy until the 22nd century
The government does not have a monopoly on threatening people's privacy. The private sector does its bit too.For example, small files called cookies that Web browsers store on users'computers allow companies to track users'activities in cyberspace and also may allow credit card numbers ,social security numbers,and other confidential information to leak all over the Internet(Berghel,2001)
另外一个主要话题是政府与人民的对立。因为这些电子邮件里包含着巨大的利益,所以联邦调查局在许多互联网服务提供商那里安装了一套用于窥视所有这些来往电子邮件的系统(Blaze and Bellovin,2000;Sobel,2001;and Zacks,2001—应该都为杂志或者文章名,翻不好)。这套系统本来被称作“食肉动物系统(Canivore)”,但这个代号听上去实在是太糟糕了,它被另一个听上去更为无辜的名字所代替:DCS1000。只是它的目的没有随着代号的改变而改变,依然是监视着成百上千万的人,以期找到关于不法行为的线索。不幸的是,美国宪法第四修正案禁止政府在不具有搜查许可证的情况下对个人进行搜查。这写于十八世纪的五十四个词是否在二十一世纪还具有分量,是能否使得二十二世纪的法庭依然繁忙的一个重要原因。
政府并不是唯一一个对人隐私产生威胁的事物。个人也在这件事里占有一席之地。例如,互联网浏览器在用户的计算机上储存了一种小文件,它们叫做缓存(coolie),可以使一些公司在网络环境里跟踪该电脑用户的活动,它们还会使信用卡号码、社会保障号码和其他秘密信息在网上到处泄露。(Berghel,2001-应该也是引用源的名字,也不翻)
原文有些不对的地方,改了一下 - -|||